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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the documents that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An use this link encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.